Dr. You

This section provides information and tips to help you recover from major surgery or manage a chronic illness.

Patient Story – (The story is true; the patient’s and provider’s names have been changed.)

In 2016, Tim’s trip to South America took a dire turn when he contracted severe pneumonia in Colombia. His condition deteriorated rapidly, leading to multiple organ failure, including his lungs, kidneys, and heart. Tim’s situation was so critical that he had to be medically evacuated to the United States on a military C-130 transport plane.

Upon arrival at the Mayo Clinic in February 2017, Tim was in a gravely ill state. Dr. Peter Jackson, the cardiothoracic surgeon who treated him, described Tim’s condition as “really about as sick as you could possibly be.” The medical team had to consider the possibility of a lung transplant due to the severity of his condition. Tim’s recovery journey was arduous. He was placed on ECMO (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation) to support his failing organs. A multidisciplinary team of experts in ECMO, critical care, and pulmonary hypertension met daily to discuss his care and progress. Gradually, Tim’s condition began to improve. A turning point came when doctors saw his lungs starting to heal on X-rays. He was eventually removed from the ECMO machine and transitioned from a ventilator to a tracheostomy collar.

Tim underwent intensive physical therapy, progressing from being lifted out of bed to sitting in a chair to walking, climbing stairs, and riding a stationary bike. After more than four months of treatment, Tim was cleared to return home. Today, Tim no longer requires oxygen support and has returned to an active lifestyle. He can enjoy short bike rides and hikes.

What Is Recovery?

Doctors often measure recovery by factors such as hospital stay length or the absence of hospital readmission within 30 days. However, for patients, a successful recovery often means returning to their normal activities, regaining their sense of self, and being able to live a fulfilling life. This guide focuses on what you can do to achieve that. Remember, everyone’s recovery is unique, and this guide should not be used as a substitute for advice from your doctor or healthcare team.

Understanding Your Body’s Healing Power

Your body has an incredible ability to heal. Many processes occur to repair and protect you. White blood cells fight infection. Other cells removed damaged tissue and reduced inflammation. Bone cells repair fractures. Even after harsh treatments like chemotherapy or radiation, your body continues to work to repair the damage.

Enhanced Recovery Programs (ERPs)

Many hospitals now use Enhanced Recovery Programs (ERPs) to help patients recover faster after surgery. ERPs involve a coordinated approach from all members of your healthcare team to shorten hospital stays and reduce readmission rates. Ask your doctor if they use ERPs and how their program can help you.

Key Factors for Optimal Healing

Several factors can significantly impact your recovery. Be mindful of these:

• Poor Nutrition: Not eating enough of the right foods can hinder healing.
• Sleep Deprivation: A lack of sleep impairs your body’s ability to repair itself.
• Physical Deterioration: Inactivity can weaken your muscles and slow recovery.
• Chronic Pain: Unmanaged pain can be detrimental to your recovery.

The practical steps to promote healing include:

Prioritize Proper Nutrition: Your body needs specific nutrients to rebuild tissue and fight infection.

• Consult with your doctor or a registered dietitian to discuss foods that support healing.
• Consider eating three small meals and two nutritious snacks daily to maintain stable blood sugar levels.
• Ensure adequate intake of vitamins and minerals vital for tissue repair, such as Vitamin A and Vitamin C. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics can help you find a registered dietitian.
• Make Sleep a Priority: Sleep is essential for maintaining immune function and facilitating DNA repair. Aim for 7-9 hours of sleep per night. Create a relaxing bedtime routine. If pain, discomfort, or anxiety interferes with sleep, talk to your doctor.

The National Sleep Foundation is a valuable resource for further information.

Get Moving (Safely): Exercise improves blood flow, strengthens muscles, and promotes overall well-being and healing.

• Consult your doctor before starting any exercise program.
• Start with gentle activities, such as walking or swimming.
• Consider physical therapy to regain strength and mobility.
• Caution: Stop if you experience pain, dizziness, or shortness of breath.

The American Physical Therapy Association can help you find a physical therapist.

Quit Smoking: Smoking impairs healing and increases the risk of complications.

• Talk to your doctor about smoking cessation programs and medications.
• Call 1-800-QUITNOW for free support.

Stay Connected: Social support reduces stress and improves emotional well-being.

• Spend time with friends and family.
• Join support groups or online communities.

The National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) offers support groups and resources.

Addressing Emotional Challenges: It is normal to experience a range of emotions after surgery or a diagnosis of chronic illness, including:

• Depression
• Anxiety
• Sadness
• Anger

Here is how to cope:

• Acknowledge Your Feelings: Allow yourself time to grieve and adjust.
• Seek Support: Talk to friends, family, or a therapist.
• Stay Active: Engage in activities you enjoy.
• Be Patient: Recovery takes time.

When to Seek Medical Attention. Call 911 if you experience:

• Trouble breathing
• Seizure (especially if you have never had one before)

Call Your Doctor Immediately if you experience any of the following:

• Difficulty urinating or loss of bladder or bowel control.
• Confusion or memory problems
• Hallucinations
• Major changes in behavior
• Vision or hearing problems.
• Extreme fatigue
• Nausea or vomiting
• Weakness in your limbs
• Severe headaches
• Numbness or tingling
• Inflammation
• Fever over 100.5°F (38°C)

The Role of Physiatrists

Physiatrists are doctors specializing in physical medicine and rehabilitation. They can help you regain function and improve your quality of life after an illness or injury. You can find a physiatrist on the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation website (www.aapmr.org).

Managing Pain

Pain is a common part of recovery, but chronic pain can hinder healing. Talk to your doctor about pain relief options, such as:

• Medications
• Physical Therapy
• Acupuncture
• Relaxation Techniques
• Meditation

Research suggests that your emotional state can impact healing. Try these tips:

• Practice Relaxation: Utilize techniques such as deep breathing or meditation.
• Engage in enjoyable activities: Plan fun outings and hobbies.
• Consider prayer or mindfulness: Focusing your mind can lower blood pressure and promote relaxation.

Important Considerations for Post-Surgery Recovery

• Rehabilitation Specialists: Physical therapists, occupational therapists, and speech therapists can help you regain skills and independence.
• Home Care: Be prepared for the transition home after surgery. Arrange for assistance with daily tasks as needed.
• Communication: Keep your healthcare team informed of any problems or concerns.

Final Thoughts

Recovery from surgery or chronic illness is a journey. Be patient with yourself, prioritize your well-being, and seek support when needed. By taking an active role in your recovery, you can achieve the best possible outcome and improve your quality of life.